計算機軟件系統故障及維護

WindowsXP操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)原理(li)使用(yong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)維(wei)護工具系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)啟動故(gu)障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)修復病毒防治的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)般(ban)方法循辱魂(hun)幣禾(he)赫促陛醛放憶(yi)蛔睡錢佯(yang)回改(gai)波壞敏寄銹(xiu)擄(lu)長提每臣傳遙(yao)抄(chao)個似計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)故(gu)障(zhang)及(ji)維(wei)護計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)故(gu)障(zhang)及(ji)維(wei)護13.1.1WindowsXP的(de)(de)(de)架構(gou)特點WindowsXP已不再完整(zheng)支持16位(wei)DOS應(ying)用(yong)程序,僅有的(de)(de)(de)CMD命令窗口(“開始”→“運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)”→“輸入CMD”)也只能執行(xing)一(yi)些(xie)基本DOS命令,對大多數直接(jie)控制(zhi)硬(ying)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)16位(wei)應(ying)用(yong)程序是不支持的(de)(de)(de)。從圖13.1可(ke)以(yi)看(kan)出,WindowsXP還引入了(le)用(yong)戶模(mo)(mo)式(shi)和內核(he)(he)模(mo)(mo)式(shi),以(yi)提高內核(he)(he)穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)(xing),在(zai)(zai)與硬(ying)件(jian)交互(hu)時(shi)(shi)增加(jia)了(le)硬(ying)件(jian)抽(chou)象層(HAL)以(yi)提供抽(chou)象的(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)件(jian)訪問(wen)接(jie)口,避免(mian)了(le)直接(jie)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)硬(ying)件(jian),這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)都(dou)(dou)是WindowsXP穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要保障(zhang)。圖13.1WindowsXP體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)結構(gou)多芥批(pi)酒墻誠宰囪蒼憐鈞鑷蝴父得似飼碾(nian)忻蔫姬烷崗富(fu)哉侈靡貝渡輪瞳憾計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)故(gu)障(zhang)及(ji)維(wei)護計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)故(gu)障(zhang)及(ji)維(wei)護(1)內核(he)(he)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(KernelMode)。當CPU運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)于內核(he)(he)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)時(shi)(shi),一(yi)切(qie)程序都(dou)(dou)可(ke)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)。(2)用(yong)戶模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(UserMode)。在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)個模(mo)(mo)式(shi)中,硬(ying)件(jian)防止(zhi)特權指令的(de)(de)(de)執行(xing),并對內存(cun)和I/O空間的(de)(de)(de)訪問(wen)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)進行(xing)檢(jian)查(cha)。允許(xu)WindowsXP限(xian)制(zhi)程序對各(ge)種I/O操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)訪問(wen),并捕捉違反系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)完整(zheng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)任何行(xing)為。Windows系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)文件(jian)夾下文件(jian)數量(liang)很多,并且隨著安裝軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)增加(jia)而遞(di)增。WindowsXP架構(gou)中的(de)(de)(de)核(he)(he)心系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)文件(jian)如表(biao)13.1所(suo)示。柔邢部酸邊(bian)呀規踢矽(xi)階(jie)(jie)護園烤膳曾按邢堆(dui)秀肛(gang)移(yi)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)隋智天須吾腫屋存(cun)司汐計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)故(gu)障(zhang)及(ji)維(wei)護計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件(jian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)故(gu)障(zhang)及(ji)維(wei)護1.預(yu)(yu)引導階(jie)(jie)段(duan)在(zai)(zai)按下計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)電源(yuan)到(dao)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)開始加(jia)載第一(yi)個文件(jian)前這(zhe)(zhe)段(duan)時(shi)(shi)間,稱為預(yu)(yu)引導(Pre-Boot)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)。此時(shi)(shi),計(ji)(ji)算機(ji)首(shou)先運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)PowerOnSelfTest(POST),POST檢(jian)測系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)處理(li)器、內存(cun)等硬(ying)件(jian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)況。所(suo)有硬(ying)件(jian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)都(dou)(dou)被(bei)自動識別和配置(zhi)后(hou),BIOS將(jiang)會定位(wei)引導設(she)備(bei)(bei)(如硬(ying)盤或光(guang)驅),然(ran)后(hou)MBR(MasterBootRecord)被(bei)加(jia)載并運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)。在(zai)(zai)預(yu)(yu)引導階(jie)(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)最后(hou)將(jiang)加(jia)載WindowsXP的(de)(de)(de)NTLDR文件(jian)。2.引導階(jie)(jie)段(duan)WindowsXP引導階(jie)(jie)段(duan)包含4個步驟。